The first known Jewish residents of Kłobuck did not arrive until the mid-1700s. Part of Poland, the town and the surrounding areas were annexed by the Prussian (German) Empire in 1793 before being incorporated into a semi-independent state under Napoleon in 1807. During this period, authorities charged an additional tax on Jewish books. Then, in 1815, Kłobuck was absorbed into the territories controlled by the Russian Empire where it would remain for the next hundred years.

Despite these changes in administration, the small but growing Jewish community of Kłobuck established an official community organization in 1821. Thirty years later, its approximately 460 members built a synagogue and cemetery. By the end of the 1800s, most Jewish men earned a living as craftsmen or small-scale traders while others found employment in the larger trades of lumber and grain. Jews also owned a beer brewery, vinegar factory and flour mill.

Around 1900, the Jewish population of Kłobuck reached about 1,000 residents (roughly 40 percent of the total population of some 2,500). After a century of Russian rule, Kłobuck was incorporated into the newly independent country of Poland after World War I (1914-1918). Many Jewish families left in the midst of political and economic instability. By 1931, the roughly 1,650 Jewish residents made up less than 20 percent of the total town population of about 8,950.

Most Jewish families who remained in Kłobuck in the 1920s and 1930s lived around the city’s Old Town where most trading took place. Jewish charitable initiatives included a food cooperative, an interest-free loan program and the Bikur Cholim organization to visit and care for the sick.

Jewish citizens of Kłobuck were also active in town politics. For most of the 1920s and 1930s Jewish men held 6 of the 15 seats on the city council. During this time of rising antisemitism across Europe, many were drawn to the Zionist party which fought for the creation of an independent Jewish state. Some Jewish schools prepared students for emigration by, for example, teaching classes in Hebrew. Although most religious instruction was focused on educating boys, an Orthodox organization also opened a Bais Yaakov school for girls.

A number of Jewish people were injured in anti-Jewish attacks in Kłobuck in 1931, two years before the Nazi party came to power in neighboring Germany. Then, on September 1, 1939, German forces invaded Poland. Fifteen Jewish residents of Kłobuck were murdered. The synagogue was appropriated for use as a stable for livestock and all Jewish property was confiscated. Two weeks later, Jews were required to wear a white armband with a yellow Star of David. Nazis soon established a Jewish Council and demanded its leader select Jews for forced labor. In September 1941, 150 Jewish homes were destroyed and the next month the approximately 1,500 Jews who still lived in Kłobuck were forced into a ghetto.

On June 21, 1942, some of the Jewish residents of Kłobuck tried to hide or flee after hearing about the Nazi plans to liquidate the ghetto. The next day, Jews were driven to the local fire station where they were chased by dogs while Nazis fired shots into the assembled crowd. Most of those who managed to survive were then transported to the killing center of Auschwitz-Birkenau. A few dozen were sent to a labor camp in the town of Sosnowiec.

About 100 Jews from Kłobuck survived the war. Today any traces of the Jewish community have been erased.